Winner, 2021-2022 AES Senior Book Prize, awarded by the American Ethnological Society
Honorable Mention, Senior Book Prize of the Association for Feminist Anthropology
Uncovers how the process of sexual assault adjudication reinforces inequality and becomes a public spectacle of violence
For victims in sexual assault cases, trials rarely result in justice. Instead, the courts drag defendants, victims, and their friends and family through a confusing and protracted public spectacle. Along the way, forensic scientists, sexual assault nurse examiners, and police officers provide their insight and expertise, shaping the story that emerges for the judge and jury. These expert narratives intersect with the stories of victims, witnesses, and their communities to reproduce our cultural understandings of sexual violence, but too often this process results in reinscribing racial, gendered, and class inequalities.
Bodies in Evidence draws on observations of over 680 court appearances in Milwaukee County’s felony sexual assault courts, as well as interviews with judges, attorneys, forensic scientists, jurors, sexual assault nurse examiners, and victim advocates. It shows how forensic science helps to propagate public misunderstandings of sexual violence by bestowing an aura of authority to race and gender stereotypes and inequalities. Expert testimony reinforces the idea that sexual assault is physically and emotionally recognizable and always leaves material evidence. The court’s reliance on the presence of forensic evidence infuses these very familiar stereotypes and myths about sexual assault with new scientific authority.
Powerful, unflinching, and at times heartbreaking, Bodies in Evidence reveals the human cost of sexual assault adjudication, and the social cost we all bear when investing in forms of justice that reproduce inequality and racial injustice.

"The text's most significant contribution is a focus on the holistic nature of the criminal justice system informed by multiple social institutions: the legal system, human rights discourse and practice, gendered private and public domains, the medical system, and histories of race and racism. Readers will come away with a nuanced account of the ways gender-based violence is a costly human activity in its own right." - Choice

"Hlavka and Mulla make a monumental contribution to the study of gendered violence and its racialized adjudication. They demonstrate how, through the marshaling of various forms of authoritative knowledge, the justice system reproduces normative narratives of gendered violence that expose and make spectacle of victims’ bodies and leave untouched victimizing bodies." - Sociology of Race and Ethnicity

"Bodies in Evidence contributes to an already impressive set of literature surrounding topics of adversarial court systems, intersectional feminism, abolitionist feminism, and more. The book is an analytic exploration of the culminating step in the prolonged and arduous criminal legal process that survivors navigate." - Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Criminology

"Hlavka and Mulla draw on observations of over 680 court appearances in felony sexual assault matters in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, as well as interviews with judges, attorneys, forensic scientists, jurors, sexual assault nurse examiners, and victim advocates." - Law and Social Inquiry

"Heather Hlavka and Sameena Mulla present a powerful examination of sexual assault adjudication in the United States. Their elegantly written and poignant analysis reveals the ‘human costs’ of court processes that promise, but rarely deliver, justice." - Gender and Society